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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_PvpTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PvpTable"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="loc_ecd_PvpTable" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_PvpTable" xlink:to="loc_ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AllExecutiveCategoriesMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AllExecutiveCategoriesMember"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" xlink:to="loc_ecd_AllExecutiveCategoriesMember" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_PeoMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PeoMember"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AllExecutiveCategoriesMember" xlink:to="loc_ecd_PeoMember" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_NonPeoNeoMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_NonPeoNeoMember"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AllExecutiveCategoriesMember" xlink:to="loc_ecd_NonPeoNeoMember" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_IndividualAxis"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_PvpTable" xlink:to="loc_ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AllIndividualsMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AllIndividualsMember"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:to="loc_ecd_AllIndividualsMember" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
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    <link:presentationArc order="3" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_PvpTable" xlink:to="loc_ecd_AdjToCompAxis" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
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    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AdjToCompAxis" xlink:to="loc_ecd_AllAdjToCompMember" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AggtChngPnsnValInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AggtChngPnsnValInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember"/>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AggtPnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AggtPnsnAdjsSvcCstMember"/>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_PnsnAdjsPrrSvcCstMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PnsnAdjsPrrSvcCstMember"/>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsMember"/>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_EqtyAwrdsInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_EqtyAwrdsInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember"/>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsMember" xlink:to="loc_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_YrEndFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInCvrdYrOutsdngAndUnvstdMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_YrEndFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInCvrdYrOutsdngAndUnvstdMember"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" xlink:to="loc_ecd_YrEndFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInCvrdYrOutsdngAndUnvstdMember" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_ChngInFrValOfOutsdngAndUnvstdEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ChngInFrValOfOutsdngAndUnvstdEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsMember"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" xlink:to="loc_ecd_ChngInFrValOfOutsdngAndUnvstdEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsMember" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_VstngDtFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdAndVstdInCvrdYrMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_VstngDtFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdAndVstdInCvrdYrMember"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="3" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" xlink:to="loc_ecd_VstngDtFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdAndVstdInCvrdYrMember" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_ChngInFrValAsOfVstngDtOfPrrYrEqtyAwrdsVstdInCvrdYrMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ChngInFrValAsOfVstngDtOfPrrYrEqtyAwrdsVstdInCvrdYrMember"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="4" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" xlink:to="loc_ecd_ChngInFrValAsOfVstngDtOfPrrYrEqtyAwrdsVstdInCvrdYrMember" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_FrValAsOfPrrYrEndOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsFldVstngCondsDrngCvrdYrMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_FrValAsOfPrrYrEndOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsFldVstngCondsDrngCvrdYrMember"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="5" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" xlink:to="loc_ecd_FrValAsOfPrrYrEndOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsFldVstngCondsDrngCvrdYrMember" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_DvddsOrOthrErngsPdOnEqtyAwrdsNtOthrwsRflctdInTtlCompForCvrdYrMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_DvddsOrOthrErngsPdOnEqtyAwrdsNtOthrwsRflctdInTtlCompForCvrdYrMember"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="6" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" xlink:to="loc_ecd_DvddsOrOthrErngsPdOnEqtyAwrdsNtOthrwsRflctdInTtlCompForCvrdYrMember" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_MeasureAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_MeasureAxis"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="4" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_PvpTable" xlink:to="loc_ecd_MeasureAxis" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_PvpTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PvpTableTextBlock"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="loc_ecd_PvpTableTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="3" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="loc_ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="4" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="loc_ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
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